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Cathodic protection: This refers to the method of introducing a small electrical voltage greater than the one required for oxidation of open metallic structures like bridges and pipes, and which resists electron flow between the metal structure and ground base.

Cell: Is a basic device in photovoltaic panel that converts solar energy into electricity.

Cell barrier: Also known as cell junction or depletion zone or space charge, is a thin area where static electric charges flow along the meeting points via the negative and positive sections of a solar cell. This formed barrier hinders the electron flow from layer to layer; hence enabling the highly charged electrons to spread from one region in a single direction to create a link of current in the cell to start electromotive force (voltage).

Cell junction: It is the region of interface between the negative and positive layers of a solar cell. It is the central region of depletion zone or cell barrier.

Charge controller: This electronic device helps to keep in check the applied voltage on the battery system in PV array. It ascertains that the batteries receive the highest charge and are more durable.

Combined collector: It is a solar module or device, which generates heat energy apart from electricity.

Concentrator: This is the photovoltaic module that concentrates the incident solar light on a photovoltaic cell, with the help of optical elements. The arrays used as concentrators guide the direct sunrays onto the solar cells, since diffused light is inefficient for energy production. Even though the power is increased, the cells have a smaller lifespan due to direct heat effect.

Concentrator (array, collector or module): Refers to the positioning of solar cells that use a single lens to direct the solar rays on smaller cell units. Concentrators enhance the solar radiation by the hundreds.

Conversion efficiency (module or cell): It is the percentage of the solar energy received by the PV cell and transformed into electrical energy or electricity.

Current on max power / lmp: The solar panel generates maximum power at this specific current (UL 1703)

Cycle life: A battery has certain cycles of charge and discharge operation based on certain conditions before its optimal performance power is lost. The strength of the output of the battery lessens by 80%.