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Rectifier: It is an electrical device, which changes alternating current into direct current, thus enabling the current to flow through it in one direction only.

Remote systems: These systems are unconnected or separate from the main power grid.

Resistive voltage drop: Refers to the developed voltage when a current passes through the cell resistance.

Reverse bias: Sometimes a photovoltaic cell from an array loses its capability to produce current, at par with the other cells. This may be a result of the degradation, cracking or shading of the cell.