can stand out above the ground as pillars, to provide the necessary clearance between the rack and the ground.

You can embed the rack feet directly into the concrete footings or you can install an anchor bolt, which should reach at least four inches (ten centimeters) into the concrete.

Air-based collector mounts

Air-based solar thermal systems only operate in winter months. For this reason, the collectors are always mounted at an angle of at least 60°, to take advantage of the low winter sun. They can be mounted on a ground rack or on the roof, but the most popular choice is wall-mounting.

Wall-mounted air-based solar thermal collectors sit at an angle of 90° (in most cases), which not only uses the winter sun effectively but also means they can gather reflected solar energy from snowfall. This increases their output and gives their efficiency a nice boost at the coldest times of year.